Approximately 1000 BC, an independent Judean Kingdom was set up under King Saul. The first nation to have influence was the great Egyptian civilization. Its strategic location serving as the gateway from Asia to Egypt and Africa had made Israel an ideal target for conquerors through the ages. Israel has been inhabited for tens of thousands of years, with Neanderthal remains from the region dating back 50,000 years. Jerusalem is a sacred city for all three of the Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. (Even the Mongols once raided cities on what is now Israeli soil.) It is also the birthplace of both Judaism and Christianity. It has been invaded by virtually every Old World empire including the Persians, Romans, Ottomans, and British. While the current State of Israel is a relatively new country founded in 1948, the Land of Israel has a long and often very complex history stretching back thousands of years to the very beginnings of human civilization. Understand "All journeys have secret destinations of which the traveller is unaware." - Martin Buber History Israel is a highly urbanized and economically developed society and is therefore best divided for the traveler into its main cities and towns, followed by the regions and other sites. Within Israel's recognized pre-1967 borders, about 80% of Israelis identify themselves as Jewish, the remainder classify themselves as either as Arab and/or Palestinian, Bedouin, Baha'i, Muslim, Christian or Druze. English in many ways acts as second language. As a result of this vast mix of culture, in addition to the official languages of Hebrew and Arabic, Russian, French, Spanish, Amharic and Yiddish are also spoken by a significant minority of Israelis. These aspects make Israel a fascinating destination for many travellers and pilgrims. Israel thus contains a vibrant modern history and culture, based in part on the diverse, immigrant origins of its inhabitants returning from the Jewish Diaspora. The three major monotheistic religions-Judaism, Christianity, and Islam-all have historical ties to the region. Israel is considered part of the Holy Land (together with areas of Jordan, Egypt and the Palestinian Territories).
Israel was established as a state for the Jewish people, following the Second World War. It shares borders to the Jordan River and the Dead Sea with the West Bank and Jordan. Israel is bordered by Egypt and the Gaza Strip to the southwest, by Jordan to the east, and by Syria and Lebanon to the north. Israel (Hebrew: ישראל Arabic: إسرائيل) is a small yet diverse Middle Eastern country with a long coastline on the eastern Mediterranean Sea and a small window on the Red Sea at the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba). Jewish 74.2%%, Muslim 17.8% (mostly Sunni Muslim), Christian 2%, Druze 1.6% and Irreligious/Other/Unknown 4.4% (2020 est.) Hebrew (official), Arabic (recognized), English, Russian and others are most commonly used foreign languages
19.1.5 Cellphone rentals and prepaid phone service.16.3 Conflicts and neighboring countries.
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